Centos7.9安装MYSQL数据库

下载MySQL8.0.31

官方下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

MySQL8.0.31下载地址：https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

注意，由于是Centos 7 ，就下载Linux 7

部署

上传文件

[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# pwd
/usr/itools
[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# ll
total 884872
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 906106880 Jun  5 10:36 mysql-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压mysql文件

[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# 

执行安装

# 由于 MySQL 安装过程中，会通过 MySQL 用户在 /tmp 目录下新建 tmp_db 文件。赋予其权限执行:
chmod -R 777 /tmp
# 检查依赖是否存在（CentOS7安装了桌面环境默认存在）
rpm -qa|grep libaio
rpm -qa|grep net-tools
# MySQL 与 mysql-libs 冲突，提前移除
yum remove mysql-libs 或者 rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps
 
# 执行安装（严格按照顺序）
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

注意：若部署过程遇缺少.so的依赖
[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY 
错误：依赖检测失败： mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 取代 
[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps # 卸载mariadb-libs 
[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY 
错误：依赖检测失败： net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 需要 
[root@vmmrgcentos itools]# yum install -y net-tools

防火墙配置

# 关闭本机及远程主机防火墙或开放端口号 
# Linux 下防火墙设置
# 查看防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld
# 开启3306端口 
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 重启防火墙 
firewall-cmd --reload
# 列出所有添加的防火墙规则 
firewall-cmd --list-all

简单配置

# 查看是否安装成功
mysql --version
# root用户下进行初始化
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
# 查看初始密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log
# 启动 MySQL
systemctl start mysqld
# 查看状态
systemctl status mysqld
# 查看 MySQL 自启动状态
systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld.service
# enable 为自启动打开，disable 为自启动关闭
# systemctl enable mysqld（将某服务设置为自启动状态）
# systemctl disable mysqld（将某服务设置为自启动状态）

# 登录 MySQL
mysql -uroot -p
# 修改初始密码(root'@'localhost)，如果不修改的密码，其他操作包括修改root'@'%，一切命令都不好使
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';